Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons (usually via their axons) via synapses which are located at various points throughout the dendritic tree.ĭendrites play a critical role in integrating these synaptic inputs and in determining the extent to which action potentials are produced by the neuron. Please see for interactive version.Ī dendrite (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree") or dendron is a branched protoplasmic extension of a nerve cell that propagates the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. The dendrites receive a signal, the axon hillock funnels the signal to the initial segment and the initial segment triggers the activity (action potential) that is sent along the axon towards the synapse. Synapses allow neurons to activate other neurons. Schwann cells make activity move faster down axon. The neuron contains dendrites that receives information, a cell body called the soma, and an axon that sends information. For other uses, see Dendrite (disambiguation). The important implication is recognition that NT-receptor retrograde transport is comprised of molecular dynamics, which change over the course of long-range trafficking to shape overall transport and possibly signaling.This article is about neuronal dendrites in biology. Notably, specific molecular dynamic features such as NT speed were dependent on spatial context that could be categorized in distance from distal axons and proximity to the soma and were not entirely dictated by active motor transport speed. Our new findings show that axonal retrograde motion is comprised of heterogeneous mixtures of diffusive behaviors, pauses, and variations in net molecular-motor-dependent transport speeds. Here, we used combined techniques of discrete QD-BDNF tracking with compartmented microfluidic chambers to characterize retrograde BDNF-TrkB transport over long-ranging distances of primary dorsal root ganglion sensory neuronal axons. In past work, we showed the use of discrete, photo-bleaching-resistant quantum dot (QD)-BNDF probes to activate and track BDNF-TrkB receptor internalization this revealed a rich diversity of molecular motions that intracellular BDNF signaling endosomes undergo within the soma of nodose ganglia sensory neurons. For example, while it is known that NT function is dependent on tight control of NT-receptor intracellular trafficking, data describing the precise spatiotemporal molecular dynamics of their axonal to somatic transport are lacking. Decades of study have yielded impressive progress in elucidating NT retrograde transport however, much information remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an abundant NT that modulates key brain and spinal cord functions, and defects in BDNF trafficking are associated with neuronal death, neurodegenerative diseases and in nerve injury. It is activated upon NT-Trk receptor binding, NT-Trk internalization into signaling endosomes, and their motion along the axon toward the cell body. Retrograde neurotrophin (NT) transport is a specialized form of signal transduction used to conduct information from axons to the cell bodies of central and peripheral nervous system neurons.
0 kommentar(er)
